miércoles, 25 de enero de 2017
jueves, 24 de noviembre de 2016
sábado, 11 de octubre de 2014
Estructuras gramaticales complicadas
En inglés encontramos estructuras gramaticales que no tienen nada que ver con el español, muchas de ellas difíciles de traducir. Veamos algunas de las más comunes.
No sooner… than…
Se utiliza para hablar de eventos que ocurrieron en el pasado, dando a entender que uno ocurrió inmediatamente antes que el otro. El que ocurrió primero es el que va con no sooner. Vamos a ver un par de ejemplos. Es importante prestar atención al orden de las palabras:
No sooner had I finished my dinner than my friend knocked the door.
Justo cuando acabé de cenar mi amigo tocó a la puerta.
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the bus came.
Justo cuando llegamos a la estación el autobús vino.
Hardly/ Scarcely… when…
Expresa lo mismo que no sooner… than… Es común en el lenguaje literario y se construye de la siguiente manera:
Hardly/Scarcely had we arrived at the station when the bus came.
Acabábamos de llegar a la estación cuando el autobús vino (también se podría haber traducido como en el ejemplo de arriba).
The more, the better
Las expresiones compuestas por dos frases seguidas empezando por the, acompañado de un comparativo o more, son muy comunes, sobre todo, en el inglés oral. Este tipo de oraciones no tienen un nombre específico y, en este caso, se podría traducir como “cuanto más, mejor”. Veamos otro ejemplo:
The more you study, the better results you will get.
Cuanto más estudies, mejores resultados obtendrás.
I would rather y I would prefer
Ambas expresiones se traducen como “yo preferiría” pero en el caso de would rather, si fuese seguido de un verbo, sería infinitivo sin to, mientras que prefer va seguido del verbo en infinitivo (es decir, con to) o en gerundio (terminando en –ing). La negación de ambos se realiza de la misma manera, colocando not después derather o prefer.
I would rather go to the party by bus.
Preferiría ir a la fiesta en autobús.
I would prefer to live in a foreign country.
Preferiría vivir en un país extranjero.
I had better
En español tiene la traducción de “sería mejor” y suele ser utilizado como un aviso, a veces, casi una amenaza.
When I come back, you had better have everything cleaned up.
Cuando vuelva será mejor que lo hayas limpiado todo.
I had better talk to him now.
Sería mejor que hablase con él ahora.
Have something done
Si digo I have my hair cut, estoy dando a entender que alguien me cortó el pelo, en español diríamos “me he cortado el pelo”, mientras que si digo, I cut my hair, quiere decir que yo me he cortado el pelo a mí mismo. El ejemplo habla por sí solo.
They have their apartment painted.
Han pintado el piso (se lo han pintado).
Might as well
"Might as well" se dice cuando es mejor hacer algo que no hacerlo. We might as well talk to him ("Podríamos hablar con él". También podríamos no hacerlo, pero hacerlo es mejor opción, por alguna razón que desconocemos en este caso). También se puede utilizar en lugar yes como respuesta a una pregunta.
domingo, 26 de enero de 2014
sábado, 13 de abril de 2013
martes, 12 de junio de 2012
Prefer and Would Rather
You can use "prefer to (do)" or "prefer -ing" to say what you prefer in general:
• I don't like cities. I prefer to live in the country OR I prefer livingin the country.
Study the differences in structure after prefer. We say:
- I prefer something to something else.
- I prefer to do something rather than (do) something else.
- I prefer doing something to doing something else.
• I prefer this coat to the coat you were wearing yesterday.
• I prefer driving to traveling by train.
but • I prefer to drive rather than travel by train.
• Ann prefers to live in the country rather than (live) in a city.
• I prefer driving to traveling by train.
but • I prefer to drive rather than travel by train.
• Ann prefers to live in the country rather than (live) in a city.
Would prefer (I'd prefer...)
We use "would prefer" to say what somebody wants in a particular situation (not in general):
• "Would you prefer tea or coffee" "Coffee, please."
We say "would prefer to do" (not "doing"):
• "Shall we go by train?" "Well, I'd prefer to go by car. (not "I'd prefer going")
• I'd prefer to stay at home tonight rather than go to the cinema.
• I'd prefer to stay at home tonight rather than go to the cinema.
Would rather (I'd rather...)
Would rather (do) = would prefer (to do). After would rather we use the infinitive without to.
Compare:
| • "Shall we go by train?" | "I'd prefer to go by car." |
| "I'd rather go by car. (not to go) |
• "Would you rather have tea or coffee" "Coffee, please."
The negative is "I'd rather not (do something)":
• I'm tired. I'd rather not go out this evening, if you don't mind.
• "Do you want to go out this evening" "I'd rather not."
• I'm tired. I'd rather not go out this evening, if you don't mind.
• "Do you want to go out this evening" "I'd rather not."
Study the structure after would rather:
| I'd rather | do something | than (do) | something else. |
• I'd rather stay at home tonight than go to the cinema.
I'd rather you did something
When you want somebody to do something, you can say "I'd rather you did something":
• "Shall I stay here?" "I'd rather you came with us."
• "Shall I tell them the news?" "No. I'd rather they didn't know."
• "Shall I tell them or would you rather they didn't know?"
• "Shall I tell them the news?" "No. I'd rather they didn't know."
• "Shall I tell them or would you rather they didn't know?"
In this structure we use the past (came, did etc.), but the meaning is present or future, not past.
Compare:
Compare:
• I'd rather cook the dinner now.
but • I'd rather you cooked the dinner now. (not "I'd rather you cook")
The negative is "I'd rather you didn't...":
• I'd rather you didn't tell anyone what I said.
• "Do you mind if I smoke?" "I'd rather you didn't."
• I'd rather you didn't tell anyone what I said.
• "Do you mind if I smoke?" "I'd rather you didn't."
Etiquetas:
Grammar: Prefer and would rather
Suscribirse a:
Entradas (Atom)