REPHRASING FOR PAU EXAM
SOLUTIONS: REPHRASING FOR PAU EXAM
- She started drinking too much alcohol two years ago. (Verbal Tenses)
- She has been drinking too much alcohol for two years.
- I don’t have a computer so I can’t type the essay on English grammar. (Conditional Sentence)
- If I had a computer, I would be able to type the essay on English grammar.
- Despite having been vaccinated she caught the flu. (Contrast Connector)
- Although she had been vaccinated, she caught flu.
- “We will arrest them for illegal entry in the country”, the policeman said. (Reported Speech)
- The policeman said that they would arrest them for illegal entry in the country.
- The teacher glued the pieces of the broken toy. (Passive)
- The pieces of the broken toy were glued by the teacher.
- It is possible that I finish work earlier than usual today. (Modal verb)
- I may finish work earlier than usual today.
- This is the place. We last had coffee together here. (Relative Clauses)
- This is where we last had coffee together.
- I love German. Unfortunately, I can’t speak it fluently. (Wish)
- I wish I could speak German fluently.
- As he hadn’t behaved himself, his parents got angry with him. (Causal Connector)
- His parents got angry with him because he hadn’t behaved himself.
- Everybody must read the instructions first. (Passive)
- The instructions must be read first.
- He made an effort to speak in English. (Gerund/Infinitive)
- He tried to speak in English.
- I spent my holidays in France. (Question)
- Where did you spend your holidays?
- This is the man. His job is very dangerous. (Relative Clauses)
- This is the man whose job is very dangerous.
- The engineer has repaired my television. (Have sth. Done)
- I’ve had my television repaired (by the engineer)
- She gave up going to French lessons. (Gerund/ Infinitive)
- She stopped going to French lessons.
- I regretted having hit the dog on the head. (Wish)
- I wish I hadn’t hit the dog on the head.
- I’m not as good at English as you are. (Comparatives)
- You are better at English than me.
- The policeman knew where the thief was hidden. (Question)
- Who knew where the thief was hidden?
- If your friend doesn’t come before ten, he will miss the train. (Conditionals)
- Unless your friend comes before ten, he will miss the train.
- The children stayed at home because it was raining. (Causal Connector)
- As it was raining, the children stayed at home.
- “What time do the banks close today?” (Reported Speech)
- Tim asked me what time the banks closed that day.
- Sharon hasn’t eaten junk food since last May. (Gerund/Infinitive)
- Sharon stopped eating junk food last May.
- My kitchen is being redecorated at the moment. (Have sth. Done)
- I am having my kitchen redecorated at the moment.
- I am not sure that she is his girlfriend. (Modal Verb)
- She might be his girlfriend.
- Albert’s drawing isn’t as good as Gerard’s. (Comparatives)
- Gerard’s drawing is better than Albert’s drawing.
- “Why don’t we play computer games?” said Michael. (Reported Speech)
- Michael suggested playing computer games.
- She said: “Are you coming to the party on Friday?” (Reported Speech)
- She asked him if he was coming to the party on Friday.
- They came to live in New York two years ago. (Verbal Tenses)
- They have been living in New York for two years.
- Smoking is forbidden in hospitals. (Modal Verb)
- You mustn’t smoke in hospitals.
- Although the weather was horrible, we went skiing. (Contrast Connectors)
- In spite of the horrible weather, we went skiing.
- I would like to have more free time these days. (Wish)
- I wish I had more free time these days.
- I met that famous writer a year ago. (Verbal Tenses)
- It’s been a year since I met that famous writer.
- Wendy didn’t study for her test. Therefore, she failed. (Conditionals)
- If Wendy had studied for her test, she wouldn’t have failed.
- “Don’t speak so loud, please”, she said to the students. (Reported Speech)
- She ordered / begged / asked the students not to speak so loud.
- We won’t buy that house because we don’t have enough money. (Causal Connectors)
- As we don’t have enough money, we won’t buy that house.
- That man’s brother is my new English teacher. (Relative Clauses)
- That is the man whose brother is my new English teacher.
- Steve advised me to tell Paul about it. (Gerund/Infinitive)
- Steve suggested telling Paul about it.
- I didn’t make a note of it in my diary, so I forgot about it. (Conditional Clauses)
- If I had made a note of it in my diary, I wouldn’t have forgotten about it.
- She lost the race in spite of running well. (Contrast Clauses)
- Although she ran well, she lost the race.
- It’s possible that her boyfriend is coming to the wedding. (Modal Verbs)
- Her boyfriend may come to the wedding.
- Beth hasn’t smoked since last December. (Gerund/Infinitive)
- Beth stopped smoking last December.
- My new neighbours have got a baby. Her name is Wendy. (Relative Clauses)
- My new neighbours have got a baby whose name is Wendy.
- Although Orson was over seventy, he continued to cycle to work every day. (Contrast Connector)
- Despite being over seventy, Orson continued to cycle to work every day.
- I haven’t read a play by George Bernard Shaw for eight years. (Verbal Tenses)
- It is eight years since I read a play by George Bernard Shaw.
- “Perhaps it would be better to go out in the afternoon”, Sharon’s mother said. (Reported Speech)
- Sharon’s mother recommended going out in the afternoon.
- The fireman managed to rescue the child from the burning house. (Modal Verbs)
- The fireman was able to rescue the child from the burning house.
- The police don’t oblige the suspects to say anything. (Passive)
- The suspects aren’t obliged to say anything by the police.
- My grandfather is eighty-two years old. (Question)
- How old is your grandfather?
- She hasn’t enjoyed herself so much for years. (Verbal Tenses)
- It is years since she enjoyed herself so much.
- I am going to the theatre tomorrow, and I’m really looking forward to it. (Modal Verbs)
- I’m really looking forward to going to the theatre tomorrow.
- She’s getting someone to mend the windows. (Have sth. Done)
- She’s having the windows mended.
- I thought it would be better than that. (Comparatives)
- It’s not as good as I thought it would be.
- Mary said to us “Don’t be late.” (Reported Speech)
- She told us not to be late.
- She made a lot of mistakes because she didn’t study hard for the exam. (Conditionals)
- If she had studied hard for the exam, she wouldn’t have made a lot of mistakes.
- Her jokes are not as good as his. (Comparatives)
- His jokes are better than hers.
- It is possible that we’ll be together soon. (Modal Verbs)
- We may be together soon.
- People speak English all over the world. (Passive)
- English is spoken all over the world.
- I am sorry I didn’t tell him everything. (Wish)
- I wish I had told him everything.
- Fiona is smiling in the picture. She is my boss. (Relative Clauses)
- Fiona, who is my boss, is smiling in the picture.
- Despite the fact that it was very hot, she was wearing her winter clothes. (Contrast Clauses)
- Although it was very hot, she was wearing her winter clothes.
- I was not invited and I am sorry about that. (Gerund/Infinitive)
- I would like to have been invited.
- I am having my house painted now. (Passive)
- My house is being painted now.
- I’m sorry I haven’t got a car. (Wish)
- I wish I had got a car.
- The teacher said to me “Wait for me outside”. (Reported Speech)
- The teacher told me to wait for him outside.
- She needed a job, so she sent off an application form. (Causal Connector)
- She sent off an application form , because she needed a job.
- It takes me two hours to get there. (Question)
- How long does it take you to get there?
- The last time she wrote a poem was two years ago. (Verbal Tenses)
- She hasn’t written a poem for two years.
- You must not smoke in here. (Modal Verb)
- Smoking is forbidden here.
- If the tickets don’t arrive, we won’t be able to go. (Conditional Clauses)
- Unless the tickets arrive, we won’t be able to go.
- Where are my keys? (Question)
I wonder where my keys are.
- The mechanic is going to repair her car next week. (Have sth. Done)
- She is going to have her car repaired next week (by the mechanic).
- What a pity I didn’t have time to see you last week. (Wish)
- I wish I had had time to see you last week.
- This story will shock you. (Passive)
- You will be shocked by this story.
- Will you post this letter for me, please? (Gerund/Infinitive)
- Do you mind posting this letter for me, please?
- If you don’t review your notes tonight, you won’t do well tomorrow. (Conditionals)
- Unless you review your notes tonight, you won’t do well tomorrow.
- “How much money have you put into the account?” they asked. (Reported Speech)
- They asked me how much money I had put into the account.
- I’m sorry I can’t speak French perfectly. (Wish)
- I wish I could speak French perfectly.
- The next plane leaves at 9.45 p.m.. (Question)
- What time does the next plane leave?
- You should post these letters. (Passive)
- These letters should be posted.
- Although she was ill, she visited other countries. (Contrast Connector)
- Despite being ill, she visited other countries.
- “I have never seen anything so beautiful”, he said. (Reported Speech)
- He said that he had never seen anything so beautiful.
- Mary was sorry she ate so many cakes. (Wish)
- Mary wished she hadn’t eaten so many cakes.
- I have failed all my exams at the university because I didn’t study enough. (Conditionals)
- If I had studied enough, I wouldn’t have failed all my exams at the university.
- I forgot to phone Lisa on her birthday. (Gerund/Infinitive)
- I didn’t remember
- Sheila is 1.55 m tall. Her brother is 1.70 m tall. (Comparatives)
- Sheila is less tall than her brother.
- Although it was cold, we went to the countryside. (Contrast Connector)
- In spite of being cold, we went to the countryside.
- The hairdresser cut my hair yesterday morning. (Have sth. Done)
- I had my hair cut yesterday morning.
- This is the man. His dog bit my brother in the park. (Relative Clauses)
- This is the man whose dog bit my brother in the park.
- I didn’t go to the gym yesterday because my foot hurt. (Conditionals)
- If my foot hadn’t hurt, I would have gone to the gym.
- The teacher said: “You have to hand your papers in at the end of this class”. (Reported Speech)
- The teacher said that we had to hand our papers in at the end of that class.
- If your boyfriend doesn’t arrive before eight, we will have to leave. (Conditionals)
- Unless your boyfriend arrives before eight, we will have to leave.
- The children couldn’t go out to the playground because it was raining. (Causal Connector)
- As it was raining, the children couldn’t go out to the playground.
- The last time we saw that movie was six months ago. (Verbal Tenses)
- We have not seen that movie for six months.
- Smoking is forbidden in most restaurants. (Modal Verbs)
- You mustn’t smoke in most restaurants.
- The shop assistant didn’t give us the ticket. (Passive)
- We weren’t given the ticket by the shop assistant.
- Al swims faster than Peter. (Comparatives)
- Peter swims slower than Al. / Peter doesn’t swim as fast as Al.
- I saw Frank two months ago. (Verbal Tenses)
- I haven’t seen Frank for two months.
- He forgot to phone his wife yesterday. (Gerund/Infinitive)
- He didn’t remember phoning his wife yesterday.
- They are servicing my new car next week. (Have sth. Done)
- I am having my new car served next week.
- If we don’t meet this month, it will be too late. (Conditionals)
- Unless we meet this month, it will be too late.
- The trainer said: “Molly, come back to the team!” (Reported Speech)
- The trainer told her to come back to the team.
- Ben drives 200 miles every day. (Question)
- Who drives 200 miles every day?
- “Where did the robbery take place?” he asked. (Reported Speech)
- He asked where the robbery took place.
- Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. (Passive)
- Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Fleming.
- You can’t have a bicycle. (Modal Verbs)
- You are not allowed to have a bicycle.
- I don’t know her address, so I can’t write to her. (Conditionals)
- If I knew her address, I would be able to write to her / I could write to her.
- A new magazine is on the hall table.
- There is a new magazine on the hall table.
- John lives next door. (Question)
- Who lives next door?
- “Where are your brothers, Sheila?” (Reported Speech)
- She asked Sheila where her brothers were.
- Perhaps they only open the museum in the morning. (Modal Verb)
- They may only open the museum in the morning.
- The meat was better than the fish. (Comparatives)
- The fish was worse than the meat. / The fish wasn’t as good as the meat.
- You can make green paint by mixing blue and yellow. (Passive)
- Green paint can be made by mixing blue and yellow.
- I have been playing the piano for twenty years. (Verbal Tenses)
- I started playing the piano twenty years ago.
- I have English classes three times a week. (Question)
- How often do you have English classes?
- Sharon is going to marry a man. He is Eric’s brother. (Relative Clauses)
- The man who Sharon is going to marry to is Eric’s brother.
- “Why don’t we have dinner out tonight?” said Martin. (Reported Speech)
- Martin suggested having dinner out that night.
- I didn’t open the door because I didn’t know it was you. (Conditionals)
- If I had known it was you, I would have opened the door.
- If you want my advice, go to the dentist! (Modal Verbs)
- You should go to the dentist.
- I forgot to post the letter. (Gerund/Infinitive)
- I didn’t remember posting the letter.
- They say this tree is over 400 years old. (Passive)
- This tree is said to be over 400 years old.
- The man said to us: “Keep off the grass!” (Reported Speech)
- The man ordered us to keep off the grass.
- They didn’t tell me the secret. (Passive)
- I wasn’t told the secret.
- I’m sure they are at home. The lights are on. (Modals)
- They must be at home because the lights are on.
- I didn’t invite Beth. I had forgotten her telephone number. (Conditionals)
- If I hadn’t forgotten Beth’s telephone number, I would have invited her.
- Shakespeare was a famous writer. He wrote beautiful sonnets. (Relative Clauses)
- Shakespeare, who was a famous writer, wrote beautiful sonnets.
- Someone knocked at the door. The dog woke up. (Connector)
- The dog woke up because/ when someone knocked at the door.
- It’s such a pity you can’t come along! (Wish)
- I wish you could come along.
- Bananas are more expensive than apples. (Comparatives)
- Apples are cheaper than bananas. / Apples aren’t as expensive as bananas.
- In spite of her beauty, she doesn’t have a boyfriend. (Contrast connector)
- Although she is (very) beautiful, she doesn’t have a boyfriend.
- I last had flu five years ago. (Verbal tenses)
- I haven’t had flu for five years.
- I’m sure she’s telling lies. (Modal Verbs)
- She must be telling lies.
- The teenager in red has broken the window. (Passive)
- The window has been broken by the teenager in red.
- In my opinion, taking some exercise would be good for you. (Modals)
- You should take some exercise.
- The teacher didn’t tell us the answer. (Passive)
- We weren’t told the answer by the teacher.
- I last visited London fifteen years ago. (Verbal tenses)
- I haven’t visited London for fifteen years.
- She asked me: “What time does your party start?” (Reported speech)
- She asked me what time my party started.
- Will you close the door when you leave, please? (Gerund/ Infinitive)
- Do you mind closing the door when you leave?
- We bought our tickets on the Web because it was much cheaper. (Causal connector)
- Since it was much cheaper, we bought our tickets on the Web.
- Albert is coming back from hospital tomorrow. He has just broken his ankle. (Relative Clauses)
- Albert, who has just broken his ankle, is coming back from hospital tomorrow.
- “How much is this T-shirt?”, she asked. (Reported Speech)
- She asked how much that T-shirt was.
- If you want my advice, don’t eat so many cakes! (Modals)
- You shouldn’t eat so many cakes.
- I’m sorry I didn’t work hard enough last year. (Wish)
- I wish I had worked hard enough last year.
- Although he was exhausted, he managed to finish reading the novel. (Contrast connector)
- Despite being exhausted, he managed to finish reading the novel.
- Gerard plays tennis twice a week. (Question)
- How often does Gerard play tennis?
- That woman’s husband is my boss. (Relative Clauses)
- That is the woman whose husband is my boss.
- They have found the stolen money. (Passive)
- The stolen money has been found.
- She divorced him because he was so terrible to her. (Conditionals)
- If he hadn’t been so terrible to her, she wouldn’t have divorced him.
- “I have read this book”, she said. (Reported Speech)
- She said that she had read that book.
- I am sure she knows you are here. (Modals)
- She must know you are here.
- I felt really tired so I stayed at home. (Causal connector)
- I stayed at home because I felt really tired.
- People consider that he is an expert on cricket. (Passive)
- He is considered to be an expert on cricket.
- Please don’t shoot. (Gerund / Infinitive)
- He begged us not to shoot.
- Learning English is not easy. (Gerund / Infinitive)
- It is not easy to learn English.
- We didn’t visit the museum because we hadn’t time. (Conditionals)
- If we had had time, we would have visited the museum.
- I’m sorry we accepted the invitation. (Wish)
- I wish we hadn’t accepted the invitation.
- Although she was poor, she was happy. (Contrast connector)
- In spite of being poor, she was happy.
- They didn’t pay for the ring. (Relative clauses)
- This is the ring which they didn’t pay for.
- Although the weather was awful, they had a great time. (Contrast connector)
- In spite of the awful weather, they had a great time.
- They have given us a Roald Dahl novel. (Passive)
- We have been given a Roald Dahl novel.
- She hasn’t phoned her mother for two months. (Verbal tenses)
- It’s two months since she last phoned her mother.
- They don’t allow smoking in this room. (Modals)
- You mustn’t smoke in this room.
- I’m sorry I didn’t go shopping with you. (Wish)
- I wish I had gone shopping with you.
- London will fascinate you. (Passive)
- You will be fascinated by London.
- I saw a man later. He was the president of the European Community. (Relative clauses)
- The man, who(m) I saw later, was the president of the European Community.
- Germany is richer than India. (Comparatives)
- India is poorer than Germany. / India is not as rich as Germany.
- “I don’t know”, he told them. (Reported speech)
- He told them that he didn’t know.
- She can’t come to the party because she is so busy. (Conditionals)
- If she wasn’t so busy, she could come to the party.
- Maybe your friend will call you on your birthday. (Modals)
- Your friend may call you on your birthday.
- “Where is the nearest cinema, please?” (Indirect question)
- Could you tell me where the nearest cinema is.
- I haven’t seen your wife for a long time. (Verbal tenses)
- It’s a long time since I last saw your wife.
- He didn’t revise for the test so he failed. (Conditionals)
- If he had revised for the test, he wouldn’t have failed.
- The ophthalmologist tests her eyes every year. (Have sth. Done)
- She has her eyes tested every year by the ophthalmologist.
- The Da Vinci Code is a best-seller. It was written by Dan Brown. (Relative clauses)
- The Da Vinci Code, which was written by Dan Brown, is a best-seller.
- Mary goes swimming twice a week. (Question)
- Who goes swimming twice a week?
- I am sorry I didn’t remember your birthday. (Wish)
- I wish I had remembered your birthday.
- He told us: “Don’t make so much noise!” (Reported speech)
- He ordered us not to make so much noise.
- As it was Friday, the children stayed up late. (Causal connector)
- The children stayed up late because it was Friday.
- I have never read such an interesting book. (Verbal tenses / Superlative)
- This is the first time I have read such an interesting book. / This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read.
- If you don’t hurry up, you won’t get tickets for the concert. (Conditionals)
- Unless you hurry up, you won’t get tickets for the concert.
- I have to wear a uniform whenever I work in front of the customers. (Question)
- When do you have to wear a uniform?
- The film is not as good as the novel. (Comparatives)
- The novel is better than the film.
- The hairdresser cut my hair last week. (have sth. Done)
- I had my hair cut last week.
- “Let’s go to the cinema on Tuesday”, said Mary. (Reported speech)
- Mary suggested going to the cinema on Tuesday.
- What a pity the weather was so bad last weekend. (Wish)
- I wish the weather hadn’t been so bad last weekend.
- I haven’t seen a good film for ages. (Verbal tenses)
- It’s ages since I last saw a good film.
- John bought a new Rolls Royce. (Question)
- What did John buy?
- I visited a village yesterday but I did not like it. (Relative clauses)
- I visited a village yesterday which I did not like.
- He knows how to play golf. (Modals)
- He can play golf.
- It’s ages since I last visited Russia. (Verbal tenses)
- I haven’t visited Russia for ages.
- You won’t understand the problem if you don’t listen carefully. (Conditionals)
- Unless you listen carefully, you won’t understand the problem.
- Someone will cut your hair tomorrow. (Have sth. Done)
- You will have your hair cut tomorrow.
- He visits his parents every Sunday. (Question)
- How often does he visit his parents?
- “Can I go to the disco?”, Tim asked his mother. (Reported speech)
- Tim asked his mother if he could go to the disco.
- Despite the fact that the questions were difficult, she got a high mark in her exam. (Contrast con)
- Although the questions were difficult, she got a high mark in her exam.
- It’s not necessary for you to make your bed. (Modals)
- You don’t have to make your bed. / You needn’t make your bed.
- They will tell us the news tomorrow night. (Passive)
- We will be told the news tomorrow night.
- I don’t earn much money. It’s a pity I can’t buy a new car. (Conditionals)
- If I earned much money, I could buy a new car.
- No other fictional secret agent is as famous as James Bond. (Superlative)
- James Bond Is the most famous fictional secret agent.
